A review of the review...
November 15 2011
Picture: Hermitage, St Petersburg
Following on from my review of Leonardo, a reader who is a leading art historian, and whose judgement I trust absolutely when it comes to judging pictures, has sent me this excellent summary:
You were right but actually quite kind about the Madonna Litta. If there is one thing Leonardo knew about more than anyone else it was anatomy and the anatomy in this picture is all skew-whiff. It is also painted in tempera: whenever you hear or see the words 'unusual for this date' (actually unique for this date and L had not used the medium for a decade or more…) the alarm bells ought to ring. Not a chance.
I also agree about the NG Virgin of the Rocks. Again and again I found myself reflecting how powerful the Louvre version is in comparison (accepting that the Virgin's head, notably, is largely gone over), and also noted the strange finish to such areas as the Christ Child's hand in the National Gallery version: you can see the same thing in his foot, where the blocking-in is visible and the painting over it unresolved, and similar areas in, for example, the right hand of the Virgin which is a complete muddle. I thought that these things, and the final effect, were not Leonardo being 'painterly' but someone else winging it, even though the conception must be his and, for example, much of the angel actually painted and finished by him (and not 'painterly' to anything like the same degree).
La Belle Ferronière has been fiddled with, by the way, quite extensively in the area over her right eye but the odd craquelure on most of her face seemed coherent and the paint convincing especially in the wonderful area around her mouth. The famous reflected light beneath her chin to her left seems entirely repaint, which is a sad thought. But it is a great painting.
Cecilia Galleriani is in the best condition of any of the Leonardo paintings on view and made complete sense in relation to La B F. The far more delicate reflected light on the jawline here is a miracle – and of course earlier, which makes it even more extraordinary.
I thought the Musician (which I recently saw in Rome: a sadly well-travelled panel…) more abraded than I had been able to see before, notably in the lower half of the whole.
One of the great things about this show is being able to get so close to the surfaces. And the drawings are worth it alone.
And I agree about Boltraffio: it was a great treat to be able to see so many works by him and he could not half draw…
Georges de La Tour in UK collections
November 15 2011
Picture: Louvre
Following Art History Today's point about the lack of a work by Georges de La Tour in the National Gallery, a reader writes:
One or two things about the item on the National Gallery's lack of a de la Tour.
When it was offered to them in the 30s it was owned by the English dealer Percy Moore Turner, who subsequently gave it to the Louvre [see their website].
So if you want to see one in this country you have to go to Hampton Court, Leicester and, most importantly, Stockton-on-Tees. Rather as with Schaufelein you have to go to Gateshead - who have another panel from the same source as the Met's recent acquisition.
Maddening...
November 15 2011
Sorry about the lack of news yesterday, I was at the Gainsborough conference in Bath, about which more later.
And today we have a gremlin in our broadband, so I'm currently hitting the keyboard in a very non art historical manner...
Turner and the Telescope
November 15 2011
Picture: Graves Art Gallery, Sheffield
A new book on Turner will claim that the artist based his depictions of the sun on the scientific theories of the astronomer Sir William Herschel. From The Guardian:
... Turner biographer James Hamilton has uncovered compelling evidence that the artist was far more interested in cutting-edge scientific theories than has been thought.
One painting in particular – The Festival of the Opening of the Vintage at Mâcon [Graves Art Gallery, Sheffield] – holds, Hamilton believes, a fascinating secret. The painting, executed in 1803 after Turner travelled through France, is dominated by a ferocious sun, and Hamilton argues that it is painted in an entirely new and revolutionary way, based on scientific theories expounded by the astronomer Sir William Herschel.
Herschel gave a groundbreaking lecture to the Royal Society in 1801, in which he revealed his discovery that the sun had a surface with "openings, shallows, ridges, nodules, corrugations, indentations and pores". [...] Hamilton said Herschel examined the sun through his telescope near Slough, passing the light through watered ink, "and he saw the sun, for the first time, as an object. He saw it had a surface".
Not long after the discovery, Turner was painting the Mâcon festivities and appears to have painted the sun as Herschel had described.
"In a sense you can't really see it, you can't focus on it, but if you look very, very closely there is a tiny little disc which is in three distinct parts," said Hamilton. "They are painted in different ways – there's a dab and a wipe and sort of flick of the brush. He is making it into something, he is giving it a surface and coming so close to Herschel's lecture and his naming of parts, one has to see them as connected events."
This sounds a little tenuous to me. It could be a combination of painterliness and condition. But I'll look closely when I next go to Sheffield. In the meantime, there's a large-ish version online here.
Remembrance Day
November 13 2011
Picture: Imperial War Museum
This is John Singer Sargent's Gassed, painted in 1919. Sargent was commissioned to paint a work for the planned Hall of Rememberance in 1918 by the Ministry of Information, and saw the aftermath of a gas attack on his way to the front in July of that year. You can see more details of the work here.
Below is Wilfred Owen's poem, Dulce et Decorum Est, which describes a gas attack:
Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,
Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs
And towards our distant rest began to trudge.
Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots
But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;
Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots
Of disappointed shells that dropped behind.
GAS! Gas! Quick, boys! — An ecstasy of fumbling,
Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;
But someone still was yelling out and stumbling
And floundering like a man in fire or lime...
Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light
As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.
In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,
He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.
If in some smothering dreams you too could pace
Behind the wagon that we flung him in,
And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,
His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin;
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues, —
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory,
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est
Pro patria mori.
View from the Artist 6 - answer
November 13 2011
Picture: Sotheby's
This one was perhaps a little tricky - only three correct answers. The first came from the winner of the previous round - a mighty impressive feat. The view is from Giuseppe Zocchi's (d.1767) Florence, a View of the Arno taken from the Porta a San Niccolo. The clue of course was that this was a 'Leonardo special'; he worked in Florence and had a scheme for diverting the Arno.
Art History Futures: the £100k kid
November 13 2011
Twelve pictures by nine year old Kieron Williamson (above) have sold for over £100,000 within ten minutes of his latest exhibition opening. Kieron, who lives in Norfolk and sounds rather like a young Tom Gainsborough, said:
I think these are my best paintings yet.
I don't know whether his work is a sound investment (yet), but it's nice to see people getting excited about a young artist who can actually paint. You can see more of his work, which is genuinely good, here.
Thank you
November 13 2011
For your kind and generous responses to my Leonardo review. I'm pleased to see that it has generated the most traffic this site has yet seen (you've read it in your thousands). It seems from the feedback so far that there will be a big appetite for some sort of post-exhibition conference, or even book, on the many questions raised by the show. National Gallery - please take note!
Graham-Dixon on Leonardo
November 12 2011
Picture: Hermitage
Andrew Graham-Dixon knows a thing or two about the Renaissance, so his review in The Telegraph of the Leonardo exhibition is worth a read. He likes the exhibition, but like many reviewers is not taken with Salvator Mundi:
The picture undeniably displays a number of the painter’s characteristic devices and mannerisms, but there are other aspects of it that seem foreign to Leonardo himself.
He was prized by his contemporaries as one of the most innovative and forceful painters of emotion, yet the face of this Christ seems peculiarly inert. Taken individually, its elements are convincing enough, but viewed as a whole its expression seems to lack a certain subtle Leonardo magic: the spark of inner life and feeling.
Graham-Dixon might have other reasons for doubting the attribution - but the one given above seems too subjective. When I saw it, I felt precisely the opposite - I felt the picture did have a spark of inner life. Either way, I prefer to focus on the more objective reasons for attributing it to Leonardo, such as the evidence of the technique, the quality visible in the undamaged areas, and the likely origin of the picture.
On the other hand, Graham-Dixon shares my doubts about the Madonna Litta (above), on loan from the Hermitage. He goes as far as to say that it is certainly not by Leonardo, but by Boltraffio:
The second questionable “Leonardo” on display is the Virgin and Child from the Hermitage in St Petersburg, long attributed to Leonardo and popularly known as The Madonna Litta. Close by hangs a drawing of The Head of a Woman, owned by the Louvre, which is most definitely by Leonardo and has often been regarded as a preparatory study for The Madonna Litta.
But both the features and the handling set it apart from the far clumsier head of the Virgin in the painting, who looks down at her greedily breastfeeding infant.
Yet more incriminatingly, the display also includes a close study for the head of that same suckling child by the hand of Leonardo’s follower, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio. Here the drawing and the painting seem virtually identical to one another. This would seem to be an open-and-shut case: the painting owned by the Hermitage was painted by Boltraffio, not by Leonardo.
Old Master Sales online
November 12 2011
Picture: Christie's
The Christie's and Sotheby's December Old Master Sales are online. Christie's here, and Sotheby's here. I'll post more on these once I've gone through them. Christie's are leading with the above Goya, a Portrait of Don Juan López de Robredo, who was embroiderer to King Carlos IV of Spain, estimated at £4,000,000 – 6,000,000
'Matt' on 'Leonardo'
November 12 2011
Picture: Daily Telegraph
For overseas readers, Matt is the Telegraph's daily cartoonist, and one of the best in the business. Here's his take on the Leonardo exhibition.
You know an exhibition is important when...
November 12 2011
...Brian Sewell reviews it in two parts, over two days! Part one here, and part two here. Sewell is always at his best when he doesn't like something, which is often. So the review of 'Leonardo' is a little... loose. Obviously, he likes it, and for its curator, Luke Syson would:
...honour him with a life peerage; his impending departure for New York is a loss to the nation.
Hear hear to that. Inevitably, Sewell finds something not to like in the show, and it is, you guessed it, the Salvator Mundi:
In what is essentially a scholarly and didactic exhibition that encourages the visitor to make comparisons and study the relationship of paintings with preliminary drawings, I am not entirely happy to see included and supported the newly rediscovered and identified Salvator Mundi. The cracking of the panel with associated losses of paint, aggressive over-cleaning and abrasion over the whole surface are all acknowledged, and I must ask at what point does a ruined painting heavily restored cease to be original? This is a wreck now so ill-defined, so smudged and fudged that glutinous gravy seems to have been the medium of its restoration. The hand raised in blessing, the associated drapery and some residuary details of hair and clothing, all suggest that this may once have been by Leonardo, but what we see now was formerly subcutaneous. That there is no revision or reinvention of the iconography also rouses my suspicion.
Can this ghostly, ghastly and blind-eyed face really be the invention of the same aesthetic mind as the melancholy Christ of the Last Supper? It would have been extremely useful to have had at hand a severe technical examination of this panel so that we know precisely the extent of past damage and present restoration; without this, its gushing acceptance as genuine must seem gullible.
He's over-egging it here - the condition is not that bad. It's interesting to note that Salvator Mundi has found immeasurably less favour amongst journalists than art historians. Barely a review has been published in England in which a journalist has not cast doubt on the picture. What is it about the discovery that the hacks don't like?
An omission in the National Gallery...
November 12 2011
Picture: Musee du Louvre
Following on from a recent acquisition at the Louvre, Art History Today (aka David Packwood) notes an omission in the National Gallery's collection:
Reading Art History News and the Tribune de l'Art posts about the Louvre's acquisition of a painter, hitherto unrepresented in that museum, Jean Le Clerc, got me thinking about a glaring 17th century French omission in our own National Gallery. This is a painter who may have influenced Le Clerc, Georges de La Tour. Though the gallery has a good collection of the French school, Poussin, Claude, Mignard, Le Sueur, the Le Nain, Champaigne, Vouet, it doesn’t posses a La Tour, though it had the chance when one was offered to the gallery for a low price under Kenneth Clark’s directorship. However, Clark with typical patrician scorn dismissed La Tour’s wonderful Christ in the Carpenter’s Shop [above] as too vulgar, even when Anthony Blunt and an influential aristocrat tried to sway Clark. It isn’t always the acquisition budget that counts in these matters.
Friday
November 12 2011
Apologies for the lack of service on Friday - I was away.
To make up for it (and also because I am away on Monday at the Gainsborough Study Day) standby for a touch of weekend Art History News...
Sold for £646k, estimated at £3-5k
November 10 2011
Picture: Christie's
I love it when these little Chinese things go through the roof. Here is the latest example, an ivory dragon seal catalogued at Christie's as 19th/20th Century and estimated at just £3-5,000. It sold for a massive £646,050 (or $1,035,628). I'm no expert on this area, but it looks pretty fine, and old, to me.
Imagine ringing the vendor to tell them the good news...
'Fake or Fortune?' returns...
November 10 2011
Picture: BBC
I'm delighted to announce that BBC1's art programme 'Fake or Fortune?' has been recommissioned (I'm the nerdy looking one above, with presenters Philip Mould and Fiona Bruce). We start filming in January - and are still keen to hear of your ideas for a programme. So if you've always wondered about that Leonardo-looking thing your Gran has hanging in her downstairs lav, then send me an email. You never know...
'And in the middle of a recession...'
November 10 2011
Sotheby's last night triumphed in the battle of the auction sales, with their contemporary art total of $316 million beating Christie's $247 million. This follows on from Sotheby's whooping Christie's... gavel in the impressionist sales last week. From Reuters:
The $315,837,000 total including commissions easily beat the presale estimate of $192 million to $270 million.
"It was one of the best auctions I've ever seen in my life," said Nicolai Frahm, a leading London-based contemporary art adviser. "And in the middle of a recession," he added.
Sotheby's scored a coup by landing a group of four Stills [Clyfford Still, two works above], whose works virtually never come to market and which were being sold by the city of Denver to benefit a new Still museum opening there this month.
Led by "1949-A-No. 1," which soared to $61,682,500 against an estimate of $30 million and smashed the record for the artist, the group of abstracts took in $114 million, nearly twice the pre-sale estimate.
Is this the contemporary art market temporarily defying gravity? Or a sign that everything will be alright? Who knows. I'd like not to be reminded of the record breaking Damien Hirst sale on the day of the Lehman collapse...
More on that strange French restitution case
November 9 2011
More details have emerged about the French government's curious attempt to seize a painting by Nicolas Tournier it says was stolen almost two hundred years ago. The picture, above, was being offered by the London-based dealer, Mark Weiss, to the Musee des Augustines, in Toulouse, where it had hung until it vanished in 1818. But when the museum contacted the French culture ministry to raise funds for the work, a sharp witted official appears to have decided that instead of buying the picture, it would be far cheaper to simply seize it.
The picture had surfaced at a Sotheby's auction in Italy, as by a 'follower of Caravaggio', and sold for EUR 59,500. Mr Weiss has told The Independent that he had been asking considerably more for it:
Earlier this year, the Weiss gallery offered the Tournier for sale for €675,000. "That would have been a fair price to a private buyer," Mr Weiss said yesterday. "But we were ready to sell it to the Toulouse museum for less than that."
Normally we picture-hunters love to find a piece of museum provenance. But in this case it seems to have caused all manner of problems. Is it a case of the sleeper bites back?
And now for something completely different...
November 9 2011
Picture: Christie's
That's enough Leonardo stuff for the moment. At Christie's New York last night the contemporary art crowd ('Leonardo who?') breathed a collective sigh of relief at some strong prices. Headlining the sale was Roy Lichtenstein's 'I Can See the Whole Room! ... And There's Nobody in it!', which sold for $43.2 million, beating it's lower estimate of $35m. The picture was guaranteed, so Christie's will be relieved.
The sale of 91 works realised a total $247.6 million, and went some way to making up for Christie's poor showing last week with impressionist and modern works. Still, I'd happily trade those 91 for Leonardo's Salvator Mundi. Full details of the other sales here.
Leonardo - footage from the opening day
November 9 2011
From AFP.


